# The new Keyword in JavaScript

The `new` keyword helps us create objects (instances) using constructor functions or classes. It works with functions and classes to initialize new objects. Under the hood, it also links the created object to the constructor’s prototype, allowing access to shared methods.

**Constructor functions**  
First, let’s look at the `constructor()` inside classes. A class can have a `constructor` method that is used to initialize values when a new object is created.

It allows us to pass initial parameters and assign them to properties of the object.

```javascript
class User { 
    constructor(name) { 
        this.name = name; 
    } 
}
const u1 = new User("John");
```

**With functions**

```javascript
function User(name) { 
    this.name = name; 
}

const u1 = new User("John");
```

* * *

**How** `new` **Links Prototypes**

Every function in JavaScript has a `prototype` property. When an object is created using `new`, it gets linked to this prototype.

This means the object can access properties and methods defined on the constructor’s prototype through prototype chaining.

```javascript
function Animal(name) { 
    this.name = name; 
}

Animal.prototype.speak = function () { 
    return this.name + " makes a sound"; 
};

const dog = new Animal("Dog"); 
console.log(dog.speak());
```

**Instances Created from Constructors**

Each object created using the `new` keyword is called an instance of that constructor. All instances share the same structure but can have different values.

```javascript
function Car(brand) {
  this.brand = brand;
}

const car1 = new Car("Toyota");
const car2 = new Car("Honda");
```

Both `car1` and `car2` are instances of `Car`, and they inherit properties and methods defined in the constructor and its prototype.